Blynk have now released the fix in a logging build at Automatic scheduler. ESP-01 with 4 Time Input Widgets
Just to confirm this build fixes the timezone but I don’t know about the AM / PM issue. I’ll try and check.
Edit: following the instructions in the OP it looks like the logging build also fixed the AM / PM issue. It works on my Android but my underlying time settings are 24 hour clock but set as AM / PM in Time Input.
Can @BlynkSky confirm the fix on their phone.