So how are you sending the AT command to the ESP-01?
Is this with it plugged-in to your USB adapter and typing the command into the IDE’s serial monitor?
I’m told that a for long-term reliable operation you should be powering the ESP-01 from a separate 3.3v power supply, with the GND of that supply connected to GND of the Uno. For initial testing, powering the ESP from the Uno should be fine, although when I’ve done this in the past never used all these resistors.
When I needed to flash an ESP-01 recently I used this method and it worked very well…
Pete.